Chough

The Chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) is a medium-sized, charismatic member of the crow family (Corvidae). It is easily recognized by its glossy black plumage, striking red legs, and a distinctive curved red bill. With its acrobatic flight and a wingspan of up to 90 cm, the Chough is an agile and energetic flier, often performing aerial displays over coastal cliffs. The BTO code for the Chough is CH.

Choughs are found in coastal regions, particularly on rugged cliffs, heathlands, and mountainous areas, where they forage for invertebrates such as beetles, ants, and larvae. They use their long, curved bills to probe soil and dung for prey, making them well-adapted to their open, windswept habitats.

In the UK, Choughs breed from April to July, primarily in western coastal areas of Wales, Cornwall, the Isle of Man, and western Scotland. They nest in caves, crevices, and abandoned buildings, constructing nests from twigs, roots, and wool. Clutches usually consist of 3-5 pale eggs with brown speckles, incubated by the female for about 19 days. Chicks fledge after 38-41 days but remain dependent on their parents for several weeks as they learn to forage.

The UK Chough population has experienced fluctuations due to habitat loss, changes in agricultural practices, and historical persecution. After a long absence from Cornwall, they recolonized naturally in 2001 and have since established a growing population. Today, around 400 breeding pairs exist in the UK.

The Chough is listed as Amber on the Birds of Conservation Concern (BoCC) 5 due to its restricted range and small population size. It is  listed as a Schedule 1 species om the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 and is also listed on Annex I of the EU Birds Directive. This means their nests and contents are protected from damage and destruction in the UK. Threats to Choughs include habitat degradation, reduced grazing (which affects invertebrate availability), and human disturbance at nest sites.

Conservation efforts for Choughs focus on maintaining suitable habitats through traditional grazing, protecting nesting sites, and encouraging habitat restoration. In Cornwall, conservation initiatives have helped their return, with local communities playing a key role in monitoring and protecting nests. There is also a recent reintroduction to the Kent Coast at Dover Castle near where I grew up. International cooperation is also vital, as Choughs occur across Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. Ensuring the preservation of coastal grasslands and maintaining a healthy ecosystem is crucial for the continued success of this distinctive and culturally significant bird.